Tests that assess organ function, electrolyte balance, and blood glucose.
The CMP is a 14-test panel covering glucose, electrolytes, kidney function, and liver enzymes in a single draw. Most adults have at least one CMP a year as part of routine check-ups.
Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism. Elevated levels (hyperuricaemia) are the underlying cause of gout and are associated with kidney stone formation, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome.
Potassium is the most important intracellular electrolyte and plays a critical role in heart rhythm and muscle function. Even small deviations outside the reference range can cause life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias.
Sodium is the primary electrolyte that determines blood osmolality and fluid distribution. Both low and high sodium levels can cause severe neurological symptoms and require careful correction.
Magnesium is involved in over 300 enzymatic reactions including ATP production, muscle contraction, and nerve signalling. Deficiency is extremely common but often missed because serum magnesium can remain normal while intracellular stores are depleted.
Calcium is tightly regulated by PTH, vitamin D, and calcitonin. Abnormal calcium — whether high or low — can cause symptoms ranging from muscle cramps to kidney stones to cardiac arrhythmias.
