Latex Allergy
Also known as: Natural rubber latex allergy, NRL allergy
Latex allergy is an immune reaction to natural rubber latex proteins. It is particularly significant for healthcare workers and patients with frequent surgical procedures. Reactions range from contact dermatitis to anaphylaxis.
Category
Contact Allergens
Severity
Can be Life-ThreateningPrevalence
1% of the general population; up to 15% of healthcare workers.
Emergency Information
Intraoperative anaphylaxis to latex is a medical emergency. Always carry an adrenaline auto-injector and wear a medical alert bracelet.
Symptoms
Airways & Breathing
- Rhinitis
- Wheezing
- Anaphylaxis from inhaled latex powder
Skin
- Contact urticaria (immediate hives at contact site)
- Allergic contact dermatitis
Systemic / Other
- Anaphylaxis
- Systemic reactions during surgery (the most common cause of intraoperative anaphylaxis)
How It's Diagnosed
- Skin prick test to latex extract (must be performed in a facility equipped for anaphylaxis management)
- Specific IgE to latex (Hev b 1, Hev b 3, Hev b 5, Hev b 6)
- Patch testing for delayed-type (Type IV) contact allergy
Avoidance Strategies
- Always declare latex allergy before any medical or dental procedure
- Request a latex-safe environment for operations — latex-free gloves and equipment
- Avoid latex gloves, balloons, rubber bands, and elastic in clothing waistbands
- Condoms: use polyurethane or polyisoprene alternatives
- Inform dentists, hairdressers, and other service providers
Cross-Reactivity
- Latex-fruit syndrome: avocado, banana, kiwi, chestnut, papaya — share cross-reactive proteins with latex
- Some patients also react to ficus (rubber plant) and poinsettia
Latex-fruit syndrome
About 30–50% of latex-allergic patients also react to certain fruits, particularly avocado, banana, kiwi, and chestnut. These foods contain proteins structurally similar to Hev b 6 (hevein), a major latex allergen.
If you have a latex allergy and experience oral itching or hives when eating these fruits, mention it to your allergist.
Medical disclaimer
This page is for educational purposes only. Allergy diagnosis and management must be carried out by a qualified allergist. Do not attempt to test yourself with suspected allergens. Always carry prescribed emergency medications and follow your written action plan.
Reviewed 2026-06-01 · Looms Medical Team